大家好,我是小跳,我来为大家解答以上问题。英语被动语态结构思维导图,英语被动语态结构很多人还不知道,现在让我们一起来看看吧!
1、 被动语态,即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。
2、英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
3、英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
4、主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
5、被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
6、例如:Many people speak Chinese. 谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
7、 例如:Chinese is spoken by many people. 中文Chinese是动词speak的承受者。
8、 被例如中文常说:我被他打,这就是一种被动。
9、但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动,例如It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。
10、而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。
11、结合选项全句的意思是:“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。
12、英语被动语态的构成通常是:“Be+Passive”。
13、但“Get+Passive”也可以构成被动语态,用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。
14、如: The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。
15、 How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了?当主动语态要被改成被动的时候,我们把原句的宾语提前,作为改句的主语,主语后置,作为宾语。
16、因此有一点要注意,不及物动词由于不加宾语,没有被动形式,但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语,可以用被动。
17、例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put是不及物动词,但put out是及物动词。
18、(一般现在,一般过去,一般将来):am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done . 例如: Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是:“环境一旦遭到破坏,需要多年时间才能恢复过来。
19、”do作为及物动词有“引起,产生”的含义,do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。
20、主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象,谓语应当用被动语态。
21、同样的,还有,I will mend the machine.相当于The machine will be mended (by me). ① 有些动词在主动结构中,后面接不带to的不定式,但如果改为被动,则需把省略的to加上,这类动词有 [let, make, have,help]和感官动词[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to],如:The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day. ② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式,这类动词有:know, say, believe, find, think, report等 ③ 不是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句,更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。
22、虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换,但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。
23、因此,在某些题目里,这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。
24、 ④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
25、多是把间接宾语变为主语。
26、这样句子自然些。
27、直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语,介词to可以省略。
28、如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father. ⑤ 有些动词虽为及物,但宾语并非是动作承受者,不能转换,这些动词有have, hold(容纳),suit, fit, lack, become(适合)contain, cost, last, mean, suffice(足够)等。
29、 ⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动,如I shook my head.我摇摇头。
30、 ⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语(与主句指同一人),动名词,动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。
31、如John enjoyed seeing the fil,. ⑧ 在一些固定说法中,有些名词和动词结合的固定说法,不能改We Chinese always keep our word. ⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词,直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时,这些动词在意思上起状语的作用,没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.(这个女孩说了晚安并且亲了他的男朋友) ⑩ 表地点处所组织长度大小数量程度抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动. ⑪ 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。
32、 ⑫ 某些词用主动表被动:sell, miss, build, grow, smell, taste, sound, feel等 1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things. 2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3.现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4.一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6.现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 7.不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted. 8.过去将来时的被动语态:would + be + 及物动词的过去分词 He said he would finish the work soon. He said the work would be finished soon by him。
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